中间品贸易自由化、技术溢出与企业生产率提升

The Intermediate Goods Trade Liberalization,Technology Spillover and Firm Productivity

通过构造中间品贸易自由化指标,并构建中间品贸易自由化影响企业生产率的模型,研究中间品贸易自由化对出口企业生产率的影响。结果表明,中间品贸易自由化显著提升了企业生产率,对一般贸易企业提升更加显著,加工贸易企业也因技术溢出得以提升,同时对本地企业的提升显著高于外资企业;中间品贸易自由化的作用存在显著的地区、行业差异;中间品贸易自由化主要通过进口高质量要素来提升企业技术水平,同时扩大企业从中间品中获得的技术溢出这一机制实现生产率提升。

This paper studied the impact of intermediate goods trade liberalization(ITL)on the productivity of export enterprises.Then,we constructed the index of ITL and developed a model of how ITL affects the firm productivity.With the matched data of China's industrial enterprises and customs import and export trade,the results shows that:(1)The ITL can significantly increase the productivity.The promotion of general trade enterprises is more remarkable,and due to the technology spillover of ITL the productivity of processing trade enterprises has been improved,while the impact of ITL on local enterprises is also significantly higher than that of foreign-funded enterprises;(2)the effect of ITL shows significant differences in regions and industries.In the central and western regions,based on the advantage of resources,the promotion is more remarkable.Constrained by industrial technology absorptive capacity,the high technology industry benefit the most.(3)Finally,the internal mechanism of how ITL promotes firm productivity is analyzed,and it is found that ITL improves the technical level of enterprises mainly through importing high quality factors and promotes the productivity by increasing the technology spillover gained from the intermediate goods.The study provides a good policy implications for further deepening the process of ITL and enhancing the international competitiveness of enterprises.