基于退出—呼吁机制的居民公共品需求表达状况实证分析

Empirical Analysis on Dweller's Demand Expression for Public Goods Based on Exit-voice Mechanism

"退出—呼吁"理论在分析公共品需求意愿揭示上具有很好的适用性与解释力。我国居民对公共品需求的表达意愿偏低,呼吁渠道偏向行政部门,对相关信息渠道信任度不高。此外,呼吁的预期收益低,表达能力不足等原因进一步抑制了居民行动力,而退出空间有限,退出成本高则降低了退出威胁的可信度,影响了"退出—呼吁"机制的有效运行。因此,政府部门应该提高公众的意愿表达强度、表达能力及行动力水平,给居民提供更大的退出选择权。降低退出成本将有助于完善公共品需求的揭示机制,改善政府部门供给绩效。

The theory of Exit-voice shows better applicability and explanatory power on analyzing how to reveal public demands on public goods.The empirical research shows that the mass have weak expression willingness to public goods.The channel of voice is relatively limited.The government is insensitive to public appeal and society lacks credibility.Moreover,higher cost and lower reward,asymmetric information and the deficiency of expression capability lead eventually to the lack of appeal.Simultaneously,limited withdrawal possibility and higher cost reduce the credibility of withdrawal threat.It will contribute to not only the perfection of reveal mechanism for public demand but also the refinement of public provision mechanism by enhancing the public will and capability to express,giving the public more drop-out right,as well as reducing the withdrawal cost.