环境规制与全要素生产率:水平效应与增长效应

Environmental Regulation and Total Factor Productivity:Level Effect and Growth Effect

在新时代背景下,如何实现环境保护与经济可持续发展双赢仍然是最为热门的议题之一。本文选择2000-2016年中国29个省(市、自治区)的面板数据,从投资和费用角度构建环境规制指标,采用系统GMM估计方法来探讨环境规制对全要素生产率的水平效应与增长效应的影响。研究结果发现:(1)水平效应分析中,环境规制对全要素生产率具有显著的正向水平效应,这种正向水平效应主要依赖于其对技术进步的促进作用。同时,在环境规制水平高的地区,环境规制(费用角度)的促进作用较大;而在环境规制水平低的地区,环境规制(投资角度)的促进作用较大。(2)增长效应分析中,环境规制(投资角度)对全要素生产率具有显著的负向增长效应;环境规制(费用角度)对全要素生产率具有显著的正向增长效应,这种增长效应主要依赖于技术进步增长率的提高,且环境规制水平高的地区,拥有较高的全要素生产率增长率。因此,要实施和制定适度的环境规制政策对当前全要素生产率提升是至关重要的。

How to achieve win-win situation between environmental protection and economic sustainable development is still the most popular topic under the background of the new era.Based on this,this article builds environmental regulation indicators from the perspective of investment and cost,and makes use of the SYS-GMM to study the relationship between environmental regulation on the level effect and growth effect of total factor productivity based on 29 provinces’(municipalities and autonomous regions)panel data from 2000 to 2016 in our country.And the conclusion is that:(1)In the analysis of horizontal effect,environmental regulation has significant positive horizontal effect on total factor productivity,which mainly depends on its promoting effect on technological progress.At the same time,in areas with high level of environmental regulation,environmental regulation(cost perspective)plays a greater role in promoting,while in areas with low level of environmental regulation,environmental regulation(investment perspective)plays a greater role in promoting.(2)In the analysis of growth effect,environmental regulation(investment perspective)has a significant negative growth effect on total factor productivity.Environmental regulation(cost perspective)has a significant positive growth effect on total factor productivity,which mainly depends on the improvement of the growth rate of technological progress,and regions with high level of environmental regulation have a higher growth rate of total factor productivity.Therefore,implementing and developing appropriate environmental regulation policies is critical to the current increase in total factor productivity.