当代汉语“尬”的扩展路径与动因以及“尬X”的表达效果——兼论汉语音节语素化、语素单词化的性质

The Extension Path and Motivation of “Ga” and the Expression Effect of “Ga X” in Contemporary Chinese——Also on the Property of Syllabic Morphemization and Morpheme Lexicalization

当代汉语中"尬"具有形化的修饰功能、动化的支配功能和名化的指称功能。"尬"的语素化与单词化以及"尬X"较强的能产性既有基于汉字来源的理据基础,又有基于方言的接触偶合,类推机制也起到了推波助澜之势。"尬X"的语用特色与表达功效体现为:创新表达的经济性、表达方式的多样性、情状表达的丰富性。"尬"的演变涉及音节语素化和语素单词化,经历由音节>语素、无词汇义>词汇义、黏着>自由的逆向发展,这种逆向语法化的演化方式与汉字形、音、义三维一体的特点是密切相关的。

In contemporary Chinese,'ga'has the functions of adjectivized modification,the verbalized dominance and nominalized referential. The morphemization and wordization of'ga'and the high productivity of'ga X'are based on the source of Mandarin and the dialect-based contact coincidence, and the analogy mechanism of language has also played a role in fueling the tide. The pragmatic characteristics and expressive functions of'ga X'are reflected as follows: the economy of innovative expression,the diversity of way of expression and the richness of situational expression. In conclusion,the evolution of'ga'is related to syllabic morphemization and morpheme wordization,which experiences the reverse development process as the follows: syllable > morpheme without vocabulary meaning > bounded vocabulary meaning > bounded > free. This evolution is closely related to the trinity to the structure,sound and meaning of Chinese characters.