高血压住院患者病因及危险因素分析

Analysis of the causes and risk factors of hypertension inhospitalized patients

目的:分析高血压住院患者的病因,并对可能造成高血压的危险因素进行总结。方法:采用回顾性研究的方法,查阅近几年来研究高血压病因及其危险因素的文献,对2 133例确诊为高血压的患者进行统计、分析和总结。结果:2 133例中,原发性高血压1 663例(78%),继发性高血压470例(22%)。在470例继发性高血压患者中,按照所占比例由高到低依次为:原发性醛固酮增多症(42%)、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(20%)、慢性肾小球肾炎(15%)、甲状腺功能亢进(12%)、肾动脉狭窄(8%),甲状腺功能减退、皮质醇增多、嗜铬细胞瘤及大动脉狭窄所占比例比较少,高血压家族史、吸烟、过量饮酒、肥胖、性格急躁、食盐摄入过多都是高血压的危险因素。结论:分析高血压的危险因素,应该戒烟、限酒、减少食盐的摄入,控制体重,以降低高血压在人群中的发病率。

Objective:To analyse the etiology of hypertension patients,and summarize the possible risk factors for hypertension.Methods:Using the method of retrospective study,consult literature in recent years about the etiology of hypertension and its risk factors,to statistics,analyze and explain the results of 2133 cases with hypertension.Results: In 2133 cases,1663 cases(78%) were primary hypertension,and 470 cases(22%) were secondary hypertension.In 470 cases with secondary hypertension,the proportion from high to low were:Primary aldosteronism(42%),sleep apnea syndrome(20%),chronic glomerulonephritis(15%),hyperthyroidism(12%),renal artery stenosis(8%),thyroid function loss,cushing,pheochromocytoma and large artery stenosis with less proportion.The family history of hypertension,smoking,excessive drinking,obesity,impetuous and excessive salt intake are risk factors of hypertension.Conclusion: Through analysing the risk factors of hypertension, we should give up smoking, alcohol, reducing salt intake,weight control,in order to reduce the incidence of hypertension in the crowd.