头孢菌类抗生素不良反应分析

The analysis of the adverse reaction of cephalosporin antibiotics fungi

目的:探讨头孢菌类抗生素不良反应。方法:2008年2月-2014年2月收治发生头孢菌类抗生素不良反应患者50例,对发生头孢菌类抗生素不良反应患者的性别、年龄、药物种类等方面进行回顾性分析。结果:发生于泌尿系统2例(4.0%),主要表现为尿道水肿、尿流不畅、血尿等;发生在神经系统4例(8.0%),主要表现昏迷、头晕、头痛、烦躁等;发生在消化系统5例(10.0%),主要表现为恶心、呕吐、腹胀、腹痛、腹泻等;发生在皮肤及其附件30例(60.0%),主要表现为红斑、皮炎、瘙痒、肿胀、皮疹等;全身性反应9例(18.0%),主要表现为发热、畏寒、乏力、全身不适等。其中男30例(60.0%),女20例(40.0%),男女之比1.5:1。年龄:<20岁6例(12.0%),20~50岁33例(66.0%),>50岁11例(22.0%)。应用第一代、第二代头孢菌类抗生素12例(24.0%),应用第三代头孢菌类抗生素35例(70.0%),第四代头孢菌类抗生素3例(6.0%)。通过静滴37例(74.0%),经口服的方式10例(20.0%),经肌注的方式3例(6.0%)。结论:头孢菌类抗生素不良反应以皮肤反应较多,主要给予途径为静滴。

Objective:To investigate the adverse reaction of cephalosporin antibiotics fungi.Methods:50 cases with adverse reactions of cephalosporin antibiotics fungi were selected from February 2008 to February 2014.We retrospectively analyzed gender,age,type of drug in patients with adverse reactions of cephalosporin antibiotics fungi.Results:2 cases occurred in urinary system(4%),and the main clinical manifestations is urethral edema,poor urine flow,hematuria;4 cases in nervous system(8%),mainly coma,dizziness,headache,irritability and so on;5 cases occured in the digestive system(10%),mainly for nausea,vomiting,abdominal distension,abdominal pain,diarrhea;30 cases occured in skin and its appendages(60%),mainly for the red spot,dermatitis,itching,swelling,rash;9 cases of systemic reaction(18%),the main manifestations were fever,chills,fatigue,malaise and so.There were 30 male(60%),20 female cases(40%),the ratio of male and female was 1.5:1.Age:6 cases under 20 years(12%),33 cases ranged from 20~50 years old(66%),11 cases above 50 years old(22%).12 cases applicated the first generation or second generation cephalosporin antibiotics fungi(24%),35 cases applicated the third generation cephalosporin antibiotics fungi(70%),3cases applicated the fourth generation of cephalosporin antibiotics fungi(6%).37 cases with intravenous infusion(74%),10 cases taken medichine by oral(20%),3 cases by intramuscular injection(6%).Conclusion:Adverse reactions of cephalosporin antibiotics fungi is mainly for skin reactions,intravenous drip as the mainly method of administration.