美国对东南亚“再保障”政策析论

A Perspective on the America Policy of Reassurance to Southeast Asia

美国正在调整其亚洲及东南亚战略,对东南亚实施"再保障"政策。这是在国际战略环境发生重大变化的背景下进行的战略调整,基本宗旨是确保美国在印太地区政治经济安全架构中的领导地位,削弱中国对东南亚地区的影响力。美国重塑其东南亚政策,可能要强迫东盟国家领导人作出战略选择,减少东盟国家对中国的依赖。美国将通过改进在东南亚的军事存在、加强盟友和安全伙伴关系建设、强化南海航行自由、推进经济合作、推行自由民主价值观等来实施"再保障"。美国东南亚政策调整的特点是:以"有原则的现实主义"为指导;进攻性大于防御性;竭尽全力修补印太战略地带中的脆弱板块东南亚。美国东南亚"再保障"政策对中国的周边环境带来新的变数和挑战,中美两国围绕印太战略的竞争将聚焦在东南亚。笔者拟从坚持"亲诚惠容"政策、认清周边地缘政治环境变动、主动应对海上挑衅、敦促东盟坚守南海问题解决的政治原则,共同反对域外海空军力量进入南海等等方面提出政策建议。

The United States is adjusting its Asia strategy and designing a new policy of reassurance to Southeast Asia. This strategic adjustment is conducted in the changing international strategic environment. The goal is to preserve the American leadership in the Indo-Pacific political-economic-security architecture and weaken China’s influence in Southeast Asia. The American policies include military presence,security alliances,more freedom of navigation operations in South China Sea,economic cooperation and promoting democratic values throughout the region. Based on realism,the policy adjustment stresses aggressiveness to reinforce Southeast Asia. The renewed Southeast Asia reassurance policy challenges China in a way of making troubles in China’s neighborhood. The competition between China and the US in Indo-Pacific is actually focusing on the Southeast Asia region in the near future.