酰胺基羧酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂的合成与性能

Synthesis and properties of carboxylate gemini surfactants with amide groups

以对苯二胺、棕榈酰氯、氯乙酸钠等为主要原料,经取代和酰化反应合成了具有新型结构的酰胺基Gemini羧酸盐型表面活性剂DC16-P-16。通过FT-IR和1HNMR对中间体和目标产物进行结构表征,并对其表/界面活性、增黏性、泡沫性能以及乳化性能进行测定。结果表明,DC16-P-16具有比传统表面活性剂低1~2个数量级的临界胶束浓度(3. 16×10-4mol/L),表面张力为31. 36 m N/m;0. 5%DC16-P-16可将油/水界面张力降低至超低界面水平(8. 52×10-3m N/m);65℃下,0. 5%DC16-P-16在低剪切速率时黏度为3. 95 m Pa·s,有较好增黏性;泡沫性能和乳化性能测试结果表明,0. 1%DC16-P-16溶液起泡高度为31. 2 cm,稳泡性接近于100%;DC16-P-16乳化系统中,油水分离时间达到735 s,在相同条件下与十六烷基羧酸钠相比具有很好的泡沫性能和乳化性能。

Amide-based Gemini carboxylate surfactant DC16-P-16 with novel structure is synthesized by substitution and acylation reactions with p-phenylenediamine,palmitoyl chloride and sodium chloroacetate as main raw materials.The intermediates and target products are characterized by FT-IR and1 HNMR,and their surface/interface activity,viscosity increasing performance,foaming properties and emulsifying properties are determined.The results show that DC16-P-16 has a critical micelle concentration(cmc of 3.16×10-4 mol·L-1),which is 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than that of traditional surfactant,and its surface tension(γcmc)is 31.36 m N·m;0.5%DC16-P-16 can reduce the oil/water interfacial tension to an ultra-low interface level(8.52×10-3 m N/m);At 65℃,the viscosity of 0.5%DC16-P-16 is 3.95 m Pa·s at a low shear rate(7 s-1),representing a good viscosity increasing performance.Tests for foaming properties and emulsifying properties show that the foaming height of 0.1%DC16-P-16 solution is 31.2 cm,and the foam stability is close to 100%.In a DC16-P-16 emulsification system,the oil-water separation time reaches 735 s.Under the same conditions,DC16-P-16 has better foaming properties and emulsifying properties compared with sodium cetyl carboxylate.