基于公众参与的日本国家公园管理体制研究

A Study on Japan's National Parks Management System on the Basis of Public Participation

日本国家公园管理体制构建了一个公众参与、利益相关者达成共识的可操作性机制,有效实现了国家公园的可持续化管理。虽然这种体制在自然资源保护方面还存在一些问题,但它更具有许多优点,尤其是在公众参与方面。国家公园管理机构为了充分发挥体制潜力,竭力充当利益相关者的协调者和自下而上决策模式的促进者。为了实现这一目标,日本国家公园管理机构采取了以下几个措施:确定公园管理的各种利益相关者和当地社区;弄清每个利益相关者的角色和责任;促进利益相关者在国家公园目标和远景上达成共识。通过这些措施,日本构建了超越地方行政区划、公众参与的国家公园管理体制。这也使得日本国家公园管理机构有效解决了复杂的自然资源保护体制所带来的挑战,实现了日本国家公园和自然资源的可持续化管理。

Within the framework of national parks management system,Japan constructs an operational mechanism for ensuring public participation and building consensus among stakeholders,which effectively realizes the sustainable management of national parks.Although this system has some problems in protecting natural resources,it has many advantages,especially on the aspect of public participation.The regulatory sector tries its best to act as the coordinator of stakeholders and the promoter of the bottom-up decision-making model in order to give full play to the institutional potential.To achieve these goals,Japan’s authority of parks has taken the following steps:identifying various stakeholders and local communities in the management framework,clarifying each stakeholder’s role and responsibility,and promoting stakeholders to get consensus on the goals and vision of national parks management system.Through these measures,Japan has constructed the national parks management system that overrides administrative boundaries and involves the public.This can enable Japan’s authority of parks to effectively solve the challenges from the complex natural resource protection system,and realize the sustainable management of Japan’s national parks and natural resources.