基于全尺寸试验的典型公路隧道火灾自动报警系统对比分析

Comparative Study on Typical Automatic Fire Alarm Systems of Highway Tunnel Based on Full-Scale Tests

隧道一旦发生火灾,往往会造成巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失,及时发现火灾能有效减小火灾事故损失。文章在150 m长的三车道全尺寸试验隧道内,开展了目前公路隧道常用的火灾自动报警系统探测性能对比试验,分析了洞内风速、火源类型及规模对图像型火灾探测器、双波长火灾探测器及光纤光栅型火灾探测器的响应速度的影响。试验结果表明:双波长火灾探测器、光纤光栅感温型火灾探测器对于小规模的火灾可能存在漏报情况,探测器响应性能受洞内风速影响较大;图像型火灾探测器对于小规模火灾的漏报率明显低于双波长和光纤光栅感温型火灾探测器,探测距离对响应时间的影响不大,但洞内风速对响应速度存在一定影响,当风速越大时,响应速度越慢。

Once a fire event occurs in a tunnel,great casualties and property losses are often caused.Timely detection of fire can effectively reduce the loss of fire accidents.A comparison of the detection performance of automatic fire alarm systems commonly used in highway tunnels was carried out in 150 m long three-lane full-scale test tunnel.The effects of wind speed,type and size of fire sources on the response speed of image type fire detectors,dual wavelength type fire detectors and fiber grating fire detectors were analyzed.Experimental results show that as for small-scale fire,the dual wavelength type detectors,fiber grating fire detectors maybe make a missing alarm,in which detector response performance was influenced by wind speed in the tunnel.As for smallscale fire,the missing alarm rate of image type fire detector significantly was lower than the dual wavelength type and fiber grating fire detector.The detection distance has little influence on the response time of image type fire detectors,but the wind speed in the tunnel has certain influence on the response speed.The higher the wind speed,the slower the response speed.