航天飞机及高超飞行器用刚性隔热材料研究进展

The Research Development of Rigid Insulation Materials for the Space Shuttle and Hypersonic Aircraft

航天飞机及高超飞行器热防护材料是关系航天飞机及高超飞行器安全的关键之一。刚性高效隔热材料具有耐高温和稳定性好等优点,成为航天飞机和高超声速飞行器高温区和大面积区域所用的重要的热防护结构材料。本文回顾了刚性高效隔热材料在高超声速飞行器热防护系统中的应用,综述美国刚性隔热材料技术研究进展与应用现状,介绍了刚性隔热材料在美国航天飞机及飞行器中的应用,特别是新型的防热-隔热一体化陶瓷瓦的应用。此外,概括了国内刚性隔热材料的研究情况,最后展望了应用于高超声速飞行器中的隔热材料未来发展。

The thermal protection materials is one of the keys to safety of the space shuttle and hy-personic aircrafts.Rigid efficient heat insulation materials have the advantages of high temperature resistant and good structure stability,become the important thermal protection and structural materi-als used by space shuttle and hypersonic flight vehicle in high temperature and large areas.This arti-cle reviewed the rigid efficient insulation material in the application of thermal protection system of hypersonic aircraft,reviewed of the progress the rigid insulation technology research and application status,and introduced the application of rigid insulation materials in the USA space shuttle and air-craft,especially the new heat - insulating integration of the application of ceramic tile.In addition, the article summarized the domestic research situation of rigid insulation materials,finally prospected the application development in insulation of hypersonic flight vehicle in the future.