具身设计:在感知运动循环动态平衡中发展思维——访美国具身认知领域著名专家多尔·亚伯拉罕森教授

Embodied Design: Developing Thinking in the Dynamic Balance of Sensorimotor Cycle——An Interview with an American Expert in Embodied Cognition, Professor Dor Abrahamson

上世纪80年代,在现象学、认知心理学等领域对身体及其经验与认知关系探索的基础上,以具身认知为代表的第二代认知科学范式逐渐走进人们的视野。近10年来,国际上掀起了具身认知研究热潮,学习科学领域的学者开始重视具身认知对教学的作用。国际学习科学领域著名学者多尔·亚伯拉罕森教授指出,具身认知理论受到认知发展心理学和社会文化理论的影响,不仅是一种重新看待教与学的方法论,还是一种能够发展独特学习理论的认知论。他在学习科学领域中引入具身设计——一种系统性、过程性的设计方法,为特定教学情境设计人工制品、为具身认知理论应用到教学设计中提供了设计框架,并将其分为基于感知的设计和基于动作的设计两种类型。多尔·亚伯拉罕森教授还提出,具身设计作为分析感知运动图式和思维意义的参考性框架,应从实际设计问题出发,分析认知过程数据,理解学生思维过程,区别人工制品供给性,逐渐确立研究问题,不断迭代循环修改设计,进而发展学习理论。他还指出,具身认知在学习科学领域中将会进一步推动计算机支持的协作学习、教与学评估等研究主题的发展,扩展了学习科学的研究视野。

In 1980s,on the basis of exploring the relationship between body and cognition in phenomenology,cognitive psychology and other fields,the second generation of cognitive science paradigm represented by embodied cognition has gradually attracted peoples’attention.Over the past decade,there has been an international upsurge in the study of embodied cognition.Scholars in the field of learning sciences have begun to attach importance to the role of embodied cognition in teaching and learning.Prof.Dor Abrahamson,a famous expert in learning sciences,pointed out that embodied cognition which is influenced by cognitive developmental psychology and sociocultural theory is not only a methodology that regards teaching and learning anew,but also a cognitive theory that can develop unique learning theories.He introduced embodied design in learning sciences as a systematic and procedural design method.It provides a design framework for designing artifacts for specific teaching situations and applying embodied cognitive theory to instructional design,and it has two types of embodied design,perception-based design and action-based design.Prof.Dor Abrahamson also proposed that as a reference framework for analyzing sensory-motor schema and thinking meaning,embodied design should start from practical design problems,analyze cognitive process data,understand students’thinking process,distinguish affordances of artificial products,gradually establish research problems,and then iteratively modify former design,and finally develop learning theory.He also pointed out that embodied cognition will further promote the development of research topics such as computer-supported collaborative learning,teaching and learning assessment in the field of learning sciences,and expand the research horizon of learning sciences.