现代教育技术工具与生活世界的关联及其伦理旨趣——基于芬伯格工具化理论的视角

The Relation Between Modern Educational Technology Tools and Life World and Its Ethical Significance——From the Perspective of Andrew Feenberg's Instrumentalization Theory

自胡塞尔把"科学世界"从"生活世界"中分置出来并将两者对立,技术工具作为科学的构造物便被当作异化生活世界的力量,这使得教育技术工具的应用被认为会剔除教育世界原本丰富的意义和多元的价值。芬伯格的工具化理论却提出,技术工具并非纯粹的科学构造物而是生活世界塑造的结果,技术合理性和社会合理性共同决定着技术工具实践的最终样态,由此可见,教育技术工具对教育世界的不利影响并非必然。以工具化理论的视角看来,可以通过对生活世界中教育问题的分析,讨论教育技术工具实践所面临的社会文化困境,进而为教育技术工具的合理运用构建相应的伦理原则:就伦理起点层面而言,教育技术工具是"因变量"而非"自变量",因而成就了教育技术工具的乐观主义;就伦理中介层面而言,价值中介在教育技术工具实践的过程中具有调节作用,因而要充分认识到教育技术应用主体的创造性空间;就伦理实现层面而言,教育技术工具作用的发挥需接受生活世界意义结构的筛选,因而也不应对技术变革教学抱过高期望。

Since Husserl separated the'scientific world'from the'life world'and opposed them, technological tools as the structure of science have been regarded as the power of alienation of the life world, which makes the application of educational technology tools to be considered to eliminate the original rich significance and pluralistic value of the educational world. However, Feenberg’s instrumentalization theory suggests that technological tools are not purely scientific constructs but the result of social construction. Technical rationality and social rationality together determine the final form of the practice of technological tools. Thus, the adverse impact of educational technology tools on the educational world is not inevitable. From the perspective of instrumentalization theory, we can discuss the social and cultural dilemma faced by the practice of educational technology tools through the analysis of educational problems in the life world, and then construct corresponding ethical principles for the rational use of educational technology tools. From the ethical starting point, educational technology tools are'dependent variables'rather than'independent variables', thus technological optimism has been achieved. On the level of ethical intermediary, value intermediary plays a moderating role in the process of educational technology tool practice, so we should fully recognize the creative space of the subject of educational technology application;on the level of ethical realization, the role of educational technology tool needs to be screened by the meaning structure of life world, and therefore we should not expect too much from the teaching of technological change.