创造性思维与创新思维:内涵辨析、联动与展望

Creative Thinking and Innovative Thinking:Connotation Differentiation, Interconnection and Perspectives

创造性思维与创新思维在概念上一直存在混用的情况。虽然创造与创新的内涵的确存在一定程度的重叠,但二者在核心范畴中的差别不应被忽视。创造性思维是建立在想象力、遗传与天赋、智商、思维联结的基础上,进而发展为强调独创性、发散性和适切性的一种原生性思维;而创新思维则是建立在新技术和新发明的产品应用与推广上,强调其社会和经济效益的一种再生性思维。两类思维在想法新颖性、想法可行性、环境激发性、主观能动性和产品承载性上存在共同点;但在价值目标、思考方式、时间阶段、主体规模和务实程度上存在差异。过去的创客教育通常强调创造性思维的培养而没有延续至创新思维的激发。在当前创新型社会的背景下,对创新人才的培养更应该同时考虑创造性思维与创新思维的联动式发展。产品是创造性思维向创新思维转化的一个载体,产品创作是创造性思维与创新思维联动的关键阶段。在课程设计的微观视角下,可通过创意激发、产品创作、展示推广三个阶段实现创造性思维与创新思维的联动培养;在教育系统的宏观视角下,倡导建立从基础教育到高等教育的渐进式思维培养机制和"学校-企业-社会"三方联动的创新教育生态系统,以支持学生创造性思维成果向创新思维成果转化,促进政产学研四螺旋循环上升。

Creative thinking and innovative thinking have been mixed in concept for many years.Although the connotations of creation and innovation do overlap to a certain extent,the differences between them in the core category should not be ignored.Creative thinking was based on imagination,inheritance and talent,intelligence,thinking,problem solving,and experience reorganization and being more emphasis on originality,divergence,and relevance while innovative thinking is based on the application of new technologies and inventions,which emphasizing social and economic benefits.Creative thinking and innovative thinking have similarities in four aspects:novelty,feasibility,motivation,and diversity.However,there are differences in the objectives,the methodology,the stage,the size,and the feasibility.In the past,Maker Education usually emphasized the cultivation of creative thinking without extending to the development of innovative thinking.In the context of the current innovation-oriented society,the cultivation of innovative talents should also consider the linkage development of creative thinking and innovative thinking.Product is a carrier of the transformation from creative thinking to innovative thinking,and product creation is the key stage of the linkage between creative thinking and innovative thinking.In the micro-perspective of curriculum design,creative thinking and innovative thinking can be realized through the three stages of creative stimulation,product creation,and exhibition and promotion;under the macroscopic perspective of the education system,the establishment of a progressive thinking cultivation mechanism from basic education to higher education and a tri-party linkage of'school-enterprise-society'innovation education ecosystem should be advocated,so as to support the transformation of students’creative thinking achievements to innovative thinking achievements,and promote the spiral cycle of the fourth round of government-industry-university-research.