川乌心血管系统毒性的研究进展

Advances in Research on Cardiovascular Toxicity of Radix Aconiti

川乌为乌头的母根,化学成分复杂,具有多种功效,但毒性较强,心脏毒性是其主要毒性之一。乌头碱作为主要致毒成分,通过强烈兴奋迷走神经和引起心肌细胞内钙离子浓度的急剧变化,进一步引起细胞膜通透性增加、细胞器变性、DNA损伤、心肌细胞凋亡等,最终引起心脏损伤。此外,乌头碱也可损伤血管内皮细胞。临床上可通过采用及时并彻底清除毒物,使用抗心律失常药物,血液净化等措施来治疗川乌中毒。了解川乌心血管系统毒性,毒理机制及应对策略对于川乌的临床应用有较大的意义。

Radix Aconiti is the mother root of Aconitum aconitum,which has complex chemical composition and various effects,but its toxicity is also strong.Cardiotoxicity is one of the main toxicities.Aconitine is the main toxic component,its toxicological mechanisms involve strong excitation of the vagus nerve and the rapid changes of calcium concentration in cardiomyocytes,which further results in increased cell membrane permeability,organelle degeneration,DNA damage,cardiomyocyte apoptosis and eventually causes heart damage.In addition,aconitine can also damage vascular endothelial cells.Clinically,Radix Aconiti poisoning is usually treated by removal of poisons,using of antiarrhythmic drugs,and blood purification.Understanding the cardiovascular toxicity,toxicological mechanism and preventive solution of Radix Aconiti has great significance for the clinical application of Radix Aconiti.