心理学家Daniel Kahneman获2002年诺贝尔经济学奖

Psychologist Daniel Kahneman Wins 2002 Nobel Prize in Economics

心理学家Daniel Kahneman被授予2002年诺贝尔经济学奖。他遵循1978年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者Herbert A. Simon的“有限理性”理论和启发式的思想,提出3种常见的启发式:代表性、可得性以及锚定和调整。Kahneman发现人类的决策行为常常是非理性和有偏差的,这与传统经济学理论 (期望效用理论)的预期不符,而且这种偏差是有规律的。Kahneman提出前景理论以解释人类在不确定条件下的判断和决策行为。他获得诺贝尔经济学奖是因为他“把心理学的,特别是关于不确定条件下人的判断和决策的研究思想,结合到了经济科学中。”该文列举实例简单介绍了Daniel Kahneman对心理学和经济学的贡献。

The 2002 Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to psychologist Daniel Kahneman. Based on the theory of 揵ounded rationality?and the principle of heuristics put forward by Herbert A. Simon, 1978 Nobel laureate in Economics, Daniel Kahneman maintained that there are three kinds of heuristics: representativeness, availability, and anchoring and adjustment. Contrary to predictions made by traditional economic theory,. Expected Utility Theory, Kahneman discovered that human decision making behaviors are often irrational and biased, and follow definite rules. Kahneman elaborated the Prospect Theory to explain judgment and decision making under uncertainty. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics 'for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision making under uncertainty.' The contributions of Daniel Kahneman to psychology and economics, with illustrative examples, are briefly described.