第二次认知革命与社会建构论的产生

The Second Cognitive Revolution And The Establishment Of Social Constructionism

第二次认知革命是后现代主义的革命。它的直接结果是促进了社会建构论的产生。社会建构论主张(1)知识是建构的,建构是社会的建构,而不是个体的建构。(2)人格、态度、情绪等心理现象并不存在于人的的内部,而是存在于人与人之间,是文化历史的产物。(3)语言并非是具有确定意义的透明的媒介,语言是先在的,规定了思维的方式。(4)没有超越历史和文化的普遍性知识,我们对于心理现象的理解是受时间、地域、历史、文化和社会风俗等制约的。(5)心理学家应该关注话语的作用,话语分析是心理学的基本研究方法。

The second cognitive revolution is a postmodern one and it results in the establishment of social constructionism. Social constructionism claims that : (1)knowledge is a product of social construction; (2)mental phenomena like personality, attitude, emotion etc. are not inside people but between people; (3) language is not straightforward expression of thought but a pre-condition for thought; (4) all forms of knowledge are historically and culturally specific; (5) psychologists should give more attention to the function of discourse and discursive analysis may be the basic method of psychology.