现实主义的宪法解释理论

Constitutional Interpretation from the Perspective of Realistic Theory

在现实主义法哲学看来,宪法解释的特殊性不在于解释对象中,而是取决于解释者。宪法的解释者不仅包括法院,还包括诸如行政机关或国会那样的非司法机关,这些机关总是共同行使宪法解释权。宪法的解释者们通过集体地确定宪法文本的含义,决定着宪法规范的内容,而不是宪法的文本自身或者其解释方法决定着宪法规范的内容。因此,宪法解释的结果就是宪法本身。解释产生着宪法规范,因为解释赋予一项宪法规定以含义,从而决定何种行为应当发生。解释者并不仅仅确定解释对象的含义,而且也构建这一对象本身。解释宪法的主体是真正的制宪者。

From the perspective of realistic theory, the specialty of constitutional interpretation doesn't exist in the object of interpretation, but in the quality of the interpreters. The interpreters of constitution are not only courts, but also non-judicial authorities such as the Executive or the Parliament. Constitutional interpretation by these authorities tends to be exercised collectively. The meaning of the constitutional norm is determined by the collective activities of these interpreters, rather than the constitutional text itself or the methods by which it's interpreted. The outcome the constitutional interpretation is the constitution itself. The interpretation produces the constitutional norm, because interpretation gives certain meaning to a constitutional provision. Constitutional interpreter determines not only the meaning of the object, but also constitutes the object itself. The subject of constitutional interpretation is the authentic constituent power.