试论唐诗中的“比兴体”——兼论诗歌多义性的可解与不可确解

On the Bi-Xing Style in Tang Poetry ——The Interpretability and Uninterpretability of Polesemy in Poetry

"整体的比兴"是意在言外的表达方式。唐诗中大量双关、隐喻实现了言与意的精彩照应,形成了"比兴体"。它有多义性的特点,但多义中又有可解与难解或不可确解之分。诗歌多义性的不可确解,是诗歌在多义性之可解基础上的又一次进步。从多义性的易解到难解,正好反映出诗歌及文学发展中的一个重要现象:写作意图从单纯到复杂、作品意蕴从单一到丰富的进程及阅读理解阐释过程中的语境限制与自由发挥。

The wholeness of Bi-Xing(比兴) is one kind of implicit expression forms. Bi-Xing(比兴) style is formed on the basis of lots of puns and metaphors in Tang Poetry, which reflects the excellent combination of explication and implication. It has the feature of polesemy, some of which are interpretable, while some of which are uninterpretable or hard to interpret. The phenomenon of the polesemy in poetry which cannot be interpreted exactly is one development of its interpretability. The phenomenon of polesemy in poetry, from easy to understand to hard to understand, reveals an important development of poetry and literature: the intention of writing changing from simplicity to complexity, the meaning of the works from singleness to plentifulness and the limitation of context and free imagination in the interpretation of reading.