小麦新品种(系)的杂种优势分析

Analysis of Heterosis In the New Wheat Lines

选用15个亲本配制50个杂交组合,对杂种F1主要农艺性状进行了杂种优势分析。结果表明,杂交组合农艺性状普遍存在优势,对照优势、平均优势、母本优势和父本优势均值分别为6 84%、6 31%、8 95%和6 26%。相关及多元回归分析均表明,杂种F1相对亲本,提高了农艺性状间相互作用。通径分析揭示亲本中千粒重对穗粒重直接作用最大,而杂种F1中穗粒数对穗粒重直接作用最大。本文还重点考察了川农16优势情况,指出其千粒重较低和穗粒数较少的特点可以通过杂种优势来克服。

The heterosis of agronomic characters of 50 hybrids in wheat is analyzed. The results show that heterosis in the variety exists extensively. The average of the standard, mid-, male and female parent heteosis of 8 traits, including heading date, plant height, spike length, spike number per plant, spikelet number per spike, grain number per spike, 1000 grain weight and grain weight per spike, are 6.84%, 6.31%, 8.95% and 6.26%. The regression and correlation show that the effect improve more influence about traits each other in the F1 hybrids, compared with in the parents. The path analysis shows that 1000 grain weight has the greatest direct effect on grain weight per spike in parents, and grain number per spike has the greatest direct effect in F1 hybrids. Therefore, for Chuannong 16, the shortcomings of low 1000-grains weight and kernel numbers per spike can be overcome by heterosis utilization.