仪表组合方式对歼击机仪表飞行情境意识的影响:来自眼动方面的证据

Distributions of Meter Influenced on Situation Awareness in Instrument Flight: Evidence from Eye Movement

目的考察组合仪表方式对歼击机仪表飞行偏差和任务中眼动模式的影响作用,从而为开发情境意识的眼动测量技术提供前期研究基础。方法实验选取了31名男性空军战士参与不同组合方式的仪表飞行任务(平视仪表、下视仪表),记录飞行绩效(高度偏差和航向偏差)和眼动轨迹。结果 (1)下视仪表飞行中的航向偏差显著大于平视仪表,两种组合方式的仪表飞行在高度偏差上的差异不显著;(2)兴趣区域内平均注视个数、平均注视时间和平均浏览次数在不同的仪表组合方式间存在明显的差别;(3)回归分析显示,航向表和速度表区上平均注视个数与平均注视时间能正向预测平视仪表飞行中的高度偏差和航向偏差,航向表上的平均浏览次数则能负向预测航向偏差。结论 (1)依照下视仪表飞行时绩效劣于平视仪表,平视仪表更利于获取和保持高质量的情境意识。(2)眼动指标能够测量情境意识在理解层面上的认知过程。

Objective To explore how the distributions of instrument influenced on tasks of instrument flight and the pattern of eye movements. Methods 31 subjects were involved in the tasks of instrument flight with head down display instrument and head up display instrument,their eye movement pattern was tracked at same time. Results( 1) The mean heading deviation in head up display instrument flight was less than that in head down display instrument flight tasks.( 2) The distributions of fixation time and fixation number in the task of head down display instrument flight were different from that in the task of head up display instrument flight.( 3) The regression model indicated that mean fixation time,and mean fixation number in heading meter and speed meter could positively predicate the attitude and heading deviation in head up display instrument flight,and that mean glance number in heading meter could negative predicate the heading deviation in head up display instrument flight. Conclusion( 1) The performance with head up display instrument was better than that with head down display instrument,and it is hard to obtain and maintain situation awareness with head down display instrument than with head up display instrument.( 2) Some eye movement data was valuable to measure the comprehension level of situation awareness