《刑事电子数据规定》侦查取证维度的分析

Analysis of Electronic Data Rule in the Perspective of Investigation

《关于办理刑事案件收集提取和审查判断电子数据若干问题的规定》是首个较为系统规定刑事诉讼中电子数据取证、举证、认证的法律文件,有多处突破性进展。从侦查取证维度分析,该规定强调法律规范和技术标准并重,确立了"以扣押原始存储介质为原则,以直接提取为例外,以转化提取为补充"的取证原则。在合法性方面,应注意见证人规范、附属信息提交和同步录像的强制性规范,以及特殊的封存、冻结、检查规范;在相关性方面,应重视电子数据独特的"人—机—数据—行为"各环节的相关性支撑;在真实性方面,需重视规定中对电子数据证据载体的真实性保障要求和特有的完整性要求。未来电子数据相关规则的发展,需注重因电子数据所涉信息不同而导致的侦查授权、侦查程序的区别对待,并需积极促进技术与法律规范的双向理解与渗透。

The judicial interpretation on obtaining and evaluating electronic data in criminal case is the first systematic rule about electronic data evidence in criminal procedure. In the perspective of investigation, the new rule of electronic data emphasizes both legal and technical norms, and establishes the basic principles and detail specifications for obtaining electronic data in criminal investigation procedure. In the rule, some new points and terms for legality, relevancy and authenticity of electronic data evidence should be paid very close attention by the investigators. In the future of electronic data rule, the key development will include diverse authorization and obtaining procedure for different types of electronic data and bi-directional understanding and permeating for technical norms and legal norms.