童年期儿童应对方式发展及其性别差异2年追踪研究

Development of coping strategy and gender difference during childhood:a two-year follow-up study

目的探讨童年期儿童应对方式的发展轨迹及其性别差异,为更好开展儿童心理健康教育提供参考。方法采用小学生应对方式问卷,对广州中山和四川达州2所小学三年级355名儿童进行为期2年的追踪研究,共施测5次。结果童年期儿童的积极和消极应对方式有着不同的发展轨迹,其中积极应对方式的发展轨迹为逐渐上升的非线性曲线(估计值分别为0.11,0.02,P值均>0.05),而消极应对方式的发展轨迹则为逐渐下降的非线性曲线(估计值分别为-0.70,-0.08,P值均<0.01)。童年期儿童积极应对方式发展轨迹的性别差异无统计学意义(△χ~2=5.19,df=4,P> 0.05),但男生消极应对方式的初始均值要高于女生(β=-0.56,P<0.01),且下降速度也快于女生(β=0.33,P<0.01)。结论童年期儿童的应对方式具有较强的可塑性,且积极和消极应对方式有着不同的纵向发展轨迹。积极应对方式在童年期阶段的发展轨迹不存在显著的性别差异,但消极应对方式的发展轨迹却存在显著的性别差异。

Objective To explore the development trajectory of coping strategy and gender difference during childhood.Methods A total of 355 children in grade 3 from 2 primary schools in Zhongshan of Guangdong Province and Dazhou of Sichuan Province were assessed with cooping strategy and followed up for 2 years.Results Positive and negative coping strategies have different developmental trajectories during childhood,with non-linear upward trend in positive coping strategies(eta11=0.11,0.02,P>0.05)and non-linear downward trend in negative coping strategies(eta12=-0.70,-0.08,P<0.01).The development of positive coping strategies during childhood showed no significant gender difference(△χ~2=5.19,df=4,P>0.05).While the initial average negative coping strategies was significant higher in boys(β=-0.56,P<0.01),and the decreasing velocity was faster than the girls(β=0.33,P<0.01).Conclusion The coping strategy during childhood shows great plasticity,with positive and negative coping strategy develops in different trajectory.The developmental trajectories of negative coping strategies during childhood illustrate significant sex difference,while it is not the case for positive coping strategy.