不同亲子分离模式与学龄前儿童情绪调节策略的关联性

Association between different parent-child separation types and emotion regulation strategies among preschool children

目的探讨亲子分离年龄和分离时间对学龄前儿童情绪调节策略的影响,为特殊儿童群体的心理辅导与干预提供参考。方法采用学龄前儿童情绪调节策略量表和自编问卷收集亲子分离等基本信息,对阜阳市阜南县、安庆市潜山市、合肥市长丰县和肥西县1 373名学龄前儿童进行调查。结果男孩更多的使用发泄策略,女孩更多的使用替代活动和被动应付策略。且随着年龄的增长,发泄策略的使用逐渐减少。与非留守儿童相比,发生亲子分离的儿童更少的运用认知重建和替代活动策略,更多的运用发泄策略。依恋确立期(≤18个月)亲子分离的儿童认知重建和替代活动策略的运用比非留守儿童少(β值分别为-0.06,-0.09,P值均<0.05);累计分离时间<P50(父子分离47个月,母子分离36个月)的儿童认知重建和替代活动策略的运用比非留守儿童少(β值分别为-0.09,-0.10,P值均<0.01)。结论儿童18个月以前的亲子分离对其情绪调节的影响较大。随着分离时间增加,学龄前儿童可能表现出情绪发展上的弹性发展,可能是留守引起的消极情绪的保护性因素。

Objective To understand effects of timing and duration of separation experiences from parents on emotion regulation of left-behind preschoolers,and to provide the reference for phychological instruction and intervention among the special groups of children.Methods Children’s emotion regulation strategy and the relevant information among 1373 left-behind preschool children from Funan county in Fuyang.Qianshan county in Anqing,Changfeng county and Fexi county in Feixi were investigated.Results Children with left-behind experiences younger than 18 months old tend to use less cognitive restructuring(P=0.03)and alternative action strategies(P=0.00)than non-left behind children.Children separated from father less than 47 months(median)and 36 months(median)from mother tend to use less cognitive restructuring(P=0.00)and alternative action strategies(P=0.00)than non-left behind children.Conclusion Separation experiences from parents younger than 18 months old exert severe damage on children’s emotional regulation.With the duration of separation increases,children show resilience of emotion regulation,which might be a protective factor for negative emotion due to parent-child separation.