上海市高中生能量和主要营养素摄入情况

Survey on energy and major nutrients intake of high school students in Shanghai

目的了解上海市高中生的能量和主要营养素摄入情况,为制定针对性的营养干预措施和健康教育提供依据。方法采用PPS抽样调查方法抽取上海市19所高中,每所高中从各年级随机抽取1个班级,每班随机抽取18名学生,男、女生各半,共对900名高中生的能量和主要营养素摄入情况进行调查。结果高中生能量摄入中位数为2 353 kcal/d(1 kcal=4.18 kJ),蛋白质为97.3 g/d,脂肪为95.4 g/d,碳水化合物为265.4 g/d,钙为602.1 mg/d,钠为4 373 mg/d,铁为24.3 mg/d,维生素A为495.6μgRE/d,维生素B_1为1.08 mg/d,维生素B_2为1.21 mg/d,维生素C为83.2 mg/d,膳食纤维为1.01 g/d。男生和女生的能量、钙、维生素A、维生素B_1、维生素B_2和膳食纤维的日均摄入量低于参考标准(P值均<0.05)。除碳水化合物和铁外,上海市远郊地区高中生能量和主要营养素的日均摄入量均小于城郊结合地区或城市中心地区(P值均<0.05)。蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的供能比分别为16.9%,37.2%,46.0%。结论上海市高中生能量和产能营养素的摄入基本能满足日常需求,膳食纤维及部分矿物质和维生素存在不同程度的缺乏,三大营养素供能比不合理。

Objective To understand the energy and major nutrients intake of high school students in Shanghai,and to provide basis for formulating target nutritional interventions and health education.Methods The probability-proportional-to-size sampling technique was used to select 19 high schools,from which 9 boys and 9 girls from same class were randomly recruited for each grade.A total of 900 high school students were surveyed on their energy and major nutrients intake.Results The medians of intake of energy,protein,fat,carbohydrate,calcium,sodium,iron,vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin B2,vitamin C and dietary fiber were 2 353 kcal/d,97.3 g/d,95.4 g/d,265.4 g/d,602.1 mg/d,4 373 mg/d,24.3 mg/d,495.6μgRE/d,1.08 mg/d,1.21 mg/d,83.2 mg/d and 1.01 g/d,respectively.Among of them,the medians of intake of energy,calcium,vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin B2,vitamin C and dietary fiber for boys and girls were lower than reference standard(P<0.05).The medians of intake of energy and major nutrients in high school students who lived in countryside were less than those lived in suburban and urban(P<0.05),except carbohydrates and iron.The percentages of energy supplied byprotein,fat and carbohydrate were 16.9%,37.2%and 46.0%,respectively.Conclusion The energy and calorigenic nutrients intake can meet the demand of daily consumption in high school students in Shanghai,but the intake of dietary fiber,some minerals and vitamins have a various degrees of deficiency.The proportion of energy supplied bycalorigenic nutrients is unbalanced.