基于性知识和性别刻板印象的小学性教育课程效果评价

Effectiveness of sexuality education curriculum in primary schools based on sexual health knowledge and gender stereotypes

目的分析性教育对学生性健康知识和性别刻板印象水平的影响,为评价小学6年性教育课程效果提供参考。方法选择北京市大兴区1所开设性教育课程的小学为实验学校,另1所在学校位置、性质、规模和设备条件方面基本同质,没有开设性教育课程学校为对照学校,2017年6月分别对2所学校2017年全体毕业生进行问卷调查,实验学校毕业生接受了小学一至六年级共计6年的性教育。结果实验学校和对照学校学生的性健康知识得分分别为(62.05±10.26)和(49.52±8.64),差异有统计学意义(t=8.74,P<0.05)。2所学校学生在男性和女性的刻板印象分量表得分,实验学校为(2.12±0.41)和(3.88±0.42)分,对照学校为(1.93±0.41)和(4.05±0.38)分,与无刻板印象程度3相比差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。2所学校相比,学生在男性和女性分量表得分总分差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.12,-2.70,P值均<0.05),实验学校学生对男性和女性的刻板印象总体水平均显著低于对照学校学生。结论性教育课程有助于提高学生性健康知识水平,一定程度上降低传统性别刻板印象水平,提高性别平等意识,但难以消除小学生的性别刻板印象。

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of six-year sexuality education curriculum in primary school by analyzing the influence of sexuality education on students’sexual health knowledge and gender stereotype.Methods A primary school offering sexuality education courses in Daxing District of Beijing was selected as an experimental school.Another school with similar location,nature,scale and equipment conditions was selected as a control school.A questionnaire survey was conducted at the end of the spring semester in 2017 among all the graduates of the two schools.The experimental school graduates received 6 years of sexuality education in grade 1 to grade 6 of primary school.Results The average scores of sexual health knowledge in experimental school and control school were 62.05±10.26 and 49.52±8.64 respectively,with significantly statistical difference(t=8.74,P<0.05).There was a significant difference in the scores of stereotype between male and female students in the two schools(the experimental school was 2.12±0.41 and 3.88±0.42,while the control school was 1.93±0.41 and 4.05±0.38).The differences were of statistical significance compared with the degree of non-stereotype(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the scores of male and female subscales between the two schools(t=3.12,-2.70,P<0.05).Gender sterotypes in the experimental school were significantly lower than those in the control school.Conclusion Sexuality education curriculum can help improve students’sexual health knowledge and reduce their gender stereotypes which will enhance gender equality awareness,it can’t eliminate children’s gender stereotypes.