课外体能锻炼对大学生心理资本心理健康及社会适应能力的影响

Influence of extracurricular physical exercise on psychological capital, psychological health and social adaptability of college students

目的探讨课外体能锻炼对大学生心理资本、心理健康及社会适应能力的影响,为促进大学生身心健康发展提供参考。方法选取2015年3月—2018年3月百色学院体育学院在校大学生300名,随机平均分配到A,B和C组,每组100名。A组采取运动处方锻炼,B组采取契约锻炼,C组不采取锻炼干预,比较3组干预前及干预12周后症状自评量表(SCL-90)、心理资本量表(PCQ)、大学生适应量表(CSAI)评分变化。结果干预后,A组和B组的SCL-90量表总均分为(1.42±0.36)分和(1.40±0.31)分,低于C组的(1.53±0.34)分(P<0.05),且A,B组的躯体化、人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁、恐怖、精神病性、其他评分均低于C组,B组的人际关系、焦虑、抑郁评分低于A组(P值均<0.05)。干预后,A组和B组的PCQ量表总均分为(3.11±0.56)分和(3.13±0.54)分,高于C组的(2.10±0.47)分(P<0.05),但A组与B组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,A组和B组的CSAI量表总均分为(4.02±0.69)分和(4.09±0.71)分,高于C组的(2.30±0.62)分(P<0.05),但A组与B组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论持续课外体能锻炼有利于提高大学生的心理资本、心理健康水平和社会适应性。

Objective To investigate the influence of extracurricular physical exercise on psychological capital,psychological health and social adaptability of college students,and to provie the reference for promoting the development of their mental and physical health.Methods From March 2015 to March 2018,300 students from Physical Education Institute of Baise University were selected and randomly divided into group A,group B and group C,with 100 students in each group.Group A received exercise prescription training,group B received contract exercise,group C didn’t receive exercise intervention.The scores of Self-reporting Inventory(SCL-90),Psy Cap Questionnaire(PCQ)and College Student Adaptability Inventory(CSAI)were compared among the three groups before intervention and 12 weeks after intervention.Results After intervention,total average scores of SCL-90 scale in group A and group B were(1.42±0.36)points and(1.40±0.31)points,significantly lower than(1.53±0.34)points in group C(P<0.05),and the score in dimension of somatization,interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety,depression,terror,psychosis among group A and group B was signi-ficantly lower than that in group(P<0.05).Group B students had lower score in interpersonal relationship,anxiety and depression than that of group A students(P<0.05).After intervention,total average scores of PCQ scale in group A and group B were(3.11±0.56)points and(3.13±0.54)points,significantly higher than(2.10±0.47)points in group C(P<0.05).No significant differences were found between group A and group B(P>0.05).After intervention,average scores of CSAI in group A and group B were(4.02±0.69)points and(4.09±0.71)points,which were significantly higher than(2.30±0.62)points in group C(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed between group A and group B(P>0.05).Conclusion Sustained extracurricular physical exercise can significantly improve psychological capital and psychological health among college students,as well as developing social adaptability.