攀岩运动干预对8～9岁儿童粗大运动技能发展的影响

Effects of climbing exercise intervention on gross motor development in children aged 8 to 9 years

目的探讨攀岩运动干预对儿童动作发展的影响,为攀岩运动应用于儿童健康提升及教学提供理论依据及科学方案。方法采取随机抽样的方法,选取北京市海滨区某公立小学53名8～9岁儿童为研究对象,随机分为实验组(23名)和对照组(30名),实验组进行8周基于动作发展的攀岩运动干预,对照组除不参与攀岩运动干预过程,其他所有条件与实验组均相同。采用儿童粗大动作协调能力测试(KTK)评价粗大动作发展水平。结果攀岩运动干预后,实验组男女生粗大动作总分均高于运动干预前得分[男生组干预前(217.5±32.3)分,干预后(245.1±24.2)分;女生组干预前(219.6±30.3)分,干预后(246.9±23.2)分,P值均<0.01],对照组男女生较干预前虽有个别测试项目提升,但总体粗大动作发展水平较干预前差异无统计学意义[男生组干预前(219.9±26.8)分,干预后(224.8±30.2)分;女生组干预前(216.6±18.1)分,干预后(214.8±28.6)分,P值均>0.05]。实验组和对照组儿童粗大动作发展总体水平在运动干预前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,实验组后向平衡测试(WB)、单足跳跃测试(HH)、侧跳测试(JS)3项测试(52.1±6.8,61.7±8.7,73.7±7.6)分高于对照组(43.1±9.9,54.5±15.2,64.9±6.8)(P值均<0.05),水平移动测试(MS)得分的组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),实验组粗大动作发展总体水平高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论基于动作发展的攀岩运动干预对8～9岁儿童的位移、稳定等粗大动作协调能力具有显著提升作用,将为运动认知和复杂运动技能形成与提升打下良好基础。

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of climbing exercise intervention on gross motor function in children aged 8 to 9 years,and to provide a theoretical basis and scientific reference for the application of climbing exercise in the improvement of children health.Methods Random sampling method was used to select 53 children aged 8-9 from a public school in Haidian District in Beijing,and children were randomly divided into control group(n=30)and exercise group(n=23),children in the exercise group received climbing exercises for 8 weeks.KTK test was used to assess gross motor development.Results After intervention,the gross motor level of male and female children in Exercise group were significantly higher than before(in male group,before intervention,KTK score:217.5±32.3,after intervention,KTK score:245.1±24.2,P<0.01;in female group,before intervention,KTK score:219.6±30.3,after intervention,KTK score:246.9±23.2,P<0.01);while the gross motor level in control group had no significant change compared to the intervention state before(in male group,before intervention,KTK score:219.9±26.8,after intervention,KTK score:224.8±30.2,P>0.05;in female group,before intervention,KTK score:216.6±18.1,after intervention,KTK score:214.8±28.6,P>0.05).There were no differences of gross motor level between sham and exercise group at baseline(P>0.05).After intervention,except the MS scores(P>0.05),other test program scores were higher than those of control group(in exercise group,WB:52.1±6.8;HH:61.7±8.7;JS:73.7±7.6;in control group,WB:43.1±9.9;HH:54.5±15.2;JS:64.9±6.8)(P<0.01).Conclusion Our research shows that climbing exercise intervention helps promoting the children’s physical quality,and establishes substantial foundation for the formation and promotion of sports cognition and complex motor skills.