高校属性对麻疹疫苗接种活动影响的定性调查

Impact of university attributes on measles vaccination in universities and colleges in China

目的了解高校之间麻疹疫苗(measles vaccine,MV)强化免疫活动(supplemental immunization activity,SIA)MV接种率差异的原因,为开展高校疾病防治工作提供参考。方法采用目的性抽样方法,选择某市10所高校作为研究对象,针对高校MV SIA实施情况进行访谈,定性分析MV接种率差异及其原因。结果 10所高校2017年MV SIA的接种率分别为54%,96%,95%,97%,81%,93%,13%,12%,10%,21%,本科院校远高于专科院校,公办本科院校高于民办,省属公办本科院校高于部属,部属高校之间也存在明显差异。高校的办学层次、办学体制、隶属关系不同,导致医疗资质、风险认知、校地关系等差异,进而影响高校疫苗接种工作的实施。结论高校的不同属性是导致MV SIA接种率差异的根本原因,建议将高校属性差异纳入免疫规划决策考虑范围,完善高校预防接种政策,加强高校特别是民办高校的风险沟通,改善高校与属地卫生部门的工作关系。

Objective To understand reason for the difference of supplementary immunization activities(SIA)using measles-containing vacline(MV)among different types of universities in China.Methods Ten universities from one city were selected by using purposive sampling method.Qualitative interviews were conducted on the implementation of MV SIA in universities,and the differences of measles vaccination and the reasons were analyzed.Results The MV vaccination rates in the 10 universities in 2017 were 54%,96%,95%,97%,81%,93%,13%,12%,10%and 21%respectively.The rate of four-year universities was higher than that of three-year colleges;and the rate of public universities was higher than that of private schools;the rate of provincial universities was higher than that of central government administered universities;the vaccination rates also vary within central government administered universities.The level,ownership and affiliation of colleges and universities led to the differences in medical qualification,administrators’risk perception of disease and vaccines,and the relationship between the schools and local CDC,which in turn affected the implementation of vaccination in universities.Conclusion The different attributes of universities are the fundamental reasons that lead to the differences in the rate of MV SIA in Chinese universities.It is suggested that the differences of university attributes should be considered in the process of implementation of the policy of immunization in universities.And the vaccination policy in universities should be strengthened,the risk communication of universities,especially private universities,should be improved,and the working relationship of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education should be enhanced.