ICU院内感染原因分析及护理对策

Causes and nursing measures of nosocomial infections in intensive care units

目的探讨重症监护室(ICU)院内感染的相关因素,有效预防和控制院内感染的发生。方法对2011年7月至2012年12月ICU院内感染240例患者进行分析。结果 ICU院内感染中以老年患者居多,感染部位以切口感染、下呼吸道、泌尿道、血液常见,疾病以重型颅脑损伤、脑出血、高血压危象、脑出血、胆道疾患、腹膜炎感染最高,并与机械通气、创伤性操作、医务人员缺乏交叉感染意识、没有严格执行无菌技术操作原则、机体抵抗力下降、不合理使用抗生素有关。结论加强ICU管理、改善环境因素、减少医源性危险因素的产生和损伤、提高机体抵抗力、合理使用抗生素等是预防ICU院内感染的有效措施。

Objective To explore the causes of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit( ICU) so as to take the countermeasures for reducing the nosocomial infections effectively. Methods A retrospective investigation was performed for 240 patients in ICU from July,2011 to December,2012. Results The senile patients with nosocomial infections were of the majority. The common locations of the infections included lower respiratory tract,incision,and urinary tract. The common diseases included heavy craniocerebral injury,hypertensive crisis,encephalorrhagia,biliary tract disease,and peritonitis. The incidence was related to traumatic manipulation,mechanical ventilation,no consciousness of cross infection and not strict execution of sterile operation,the decline of the immunity of patients,and inappropriate antibiotic use. Conclusions Strengthening the management of ICU,improving the environment,reducing the iatrogenic risk factors,improving body immunity,and using antibiotic appropriately are the main measures for preventing bacterial infections in ICU.