农村留守儿童依恋特征实证研究

Study on attachment characteristics of left-behind children in rural areas

目的探讨农村留守儿童的依恋质量及特点。方法整群选取山西某中学农村留守儿童156名及非留守儿童25名,年龄在12~14岁之间,采用张杉杉的初中生依恋问卷进行测查。结果留守儿童除了在朋友依恋上与普通儿童差异无统计学意义,在母亲、父亲、照顾者依恋上其得分均显著低于普通儿童(P<0.05);留守儿童在母亲、父亲、朋友和照顾者依恋上没有表现出性别及与父母联系频率方面的显著差异;在年级变量上,初中一年级比初中二年级留守儿童更多对朋友依恋(P<0.05)。在4类依恋对象上,留守儿童更多的依恋母亲、朋友和其照顾者,其依恋得分显著高于对父亲的依恋得分(P=0.000)。结论留守儿童的依恋质量不如非留守儿童。初中一年级留守儿童相对于初中二年级儿童更多对朋友依恋。留守儿童更多依恋母亲,朋友和照顾者,较少依恋父亲。

Objective To explore the attachment quality and characteristics of rural left-behind children. Methods A total of 156 left-behind children and 256 non left-behind children aged between 12-14 years of a middle school in rural area of Shanxi Province were selected with the whole group of sampling method,and investigated by using an attachment questionnaire of junior middle school designed by Shanshan Zhang. Results The attachment scores of the left-behind children were significantly lower than those of the normal children in the attachments to their mothers,fathers,and caregivers( all P < 0. 05),and there was no significant difference between the left-behind children and normal children in the friend attachment. The children's attachment to their mothers,fathers,friends and caregivers showed no significant difference between the variables of gender and the frequencies of contacts with their parents. On the variable of grade,the left-behind children of the 1st year class in the junior middle school showed higher attachment sores than the left-behind children of the 2nd year class in the junior middle school( P < 0. 05) in the aspect of the friend attachment. In the four categories of attachment objects,the left-behind children more attached to their mothers,friends and caregivers. The attachment scores to the mothers,friends and caregivers were significantly higher than that to the fathers( P = 0. 000). Conclusions The level of attachment quality of the left-behind children is lower than that of the non left-behind children. The left-behind children of the 1st year class in the junior middle school more attach to their friends compared with the left-behind children of the 2nd year class in the junior middle school. The left-behind children more attach to their mothers,friends and caregivers,and less attach to their fathers.