2013年株洲市手足口病流行病学及病原学特征分析

Epidemiological and etiological analysis of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Zhuzhou City, 2013

目的分析2013年株洲市手足口病流行病学及病原学特征,为预防和控制手足口病提供参考依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法对2013年株洲市手足口病疫情资料和病原学监测资料进行统计分析。结果2013年株洲市共报告手足口病病例5 657例,其中重症15例,死亡3例;报告发病率为144.35/10万,重症发生率为0.27%,病死率为0.05%。发病呈双峰分布,5—6月为小高峰,10—12月为全年高峰,发病数占全年的45.50%。发病率以芦淞区最高(339.14/10万),炎陵县最低(37.36/10万),城区发病率高于农村。不同地区发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。病例中3岁及以下幼儿占90.33%,男性发病率高于女性。轻症、重症/死亡病例中EV71检测阳性率分别为19.30%和44.44%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.83,P<0.01)。结论 2013年株洲市手足口病处于较高发病水平,发病人群主要为3岁以下散居儿童,存在地区、季节、人群分布差异,EV71是导致重症和死亡病例的主要病原。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD) in Zhuzhou City in 2013 so as to provide the evidence for the prevention and control of the disease.Methods The incidence and etiological data of HFMD were collected and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological method in Zhuzhou City in 2013. Results A total of 5 657 HFMD cases were reported in Zhuzhou in 2013, including 15 severe cases and 3 deaths. The reported morbidity was 144.35/100 000,the severe occurrence rate was 0.27% and the fatality rate was 0.05%. The incidence was a double-peak distribution, from May to June as the small peak and from October to December as the peak, accounting for 45.50% of the cases of the whole year. The highest incidence was in Lusong District and the lowest in Yanling County, and the incidence in the city was higher than that in the rural areas, and the incidences were significantly different between the different regions(P<0.01). The cases in children under 3 years old accounted for90.33% of the total. The incidence of the men was higher than that of the women. The EV71 positive rates were 19% and44% in the mild and severe/death cases, respectively, with a significant difference between them(χ2=6.83, P<0.01). Conclusion There was a higher morbidity level of HFMD in Zhuzhou City in 2013, and the children under 3 years old was the main disease group. There were differences among areas, seasons and populations. The majority of severe and death cases were caused by EV71.