学龄儿童自我意识偏高的病例对照研究

Case-control study on high self-concept of school children

目的探讨学龄儿童自我意识的影响因素,为促进和发展儿童自我意识提供科学依据。方法于2012年5月—6月整群随机抽取深圳市4所小学1 326名9~12岁儿童,采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHSS)进行现场调查,对其中自我意识评分高于58分的154名儿童1∶1配对并进行自编家庭问卷调查。结果与儿童自我意识偏高相关的因素有家庭教养方式、父母性格、家庭关系、母亲学历、父亲是否打骂儿童、儿童性格和儿童的学习成绩等。结论改善家庭环境、培养儿童健全的性格、改善学习成绩可有助于儿童自我意识的发展,降低儿童因自我意识出现不良倾向所引起的心理、行为、学习和人格等障碍的发生。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of self-concept of school children so as to provide the evidence for improving their development. Methods A total of 1 326 students aged 9 to 12 years were selected by the cluster random method and surveyed by using the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale(PHSS) in 4 primary schools in Shenzhen City, and 154 children whose scores being higher than 58 points were 1 ∶1 matched and surveyed by the self-designed questionnaire for families. Results Some factors such as the parenting style, personality, family relationships, education level of mother, father scolding children, child personality, and children's scores had the effect on high self-concept of the children. Conclusion The home improvement, child's healthy personality development, and academic improvement can contribute to the development of self-concept of the school children, and reduce the incidence of disorders of psychology, behavior, learning and personality, etc.