驻马店市学生及幼托儿童呼吸道传染病发病分析

Incidence condition of respiratory tract infectious diseases of students and preschool children in Zhumadian City

目的为预防控制呼吸道传染病在学校及幼托机构中的爆发和流行提供科学依据。方法资料来源于《传染病信息报告管理系统》和《突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统》中的监测数据。利用定性资料的统计描述进行分析。结果 2005—2014年发病13 485例,占全市呼吸道传染病发病的15.53%,占学生及幼托儿童传染病发病的62.00%;乙类3 290例,占24.40%,丙类6 907例,占51.22%;其他传染病3 288例,占24.38%;多发病种为腮腺炎和水痘,分别占37.14%、24.38%;发病平均增长速度为13.16%。爆发疫情36起,主要有腮腺炎7起,占19.44%,水痘21起,占58.33%;冬春季多发,22起,占61.11%;多发生在小学,26起,占72.22%;累计发病人数1 035人,累计波及人数33 502人,事件多在1周内得到控制,占83.33%。结论学生及幼托儿童呼吸道传染病发病呈上升趋势,应加强防控。丙类呼吸道传染病和水痘爆发是学校突发公共卫生事件发生的主要原因,应重点预防。

Objective To understand the incidence condition of respiratory tract infectious diseases of students and preschool children, so as to provide the evidence for improving the prevention and control of the outbreak and epidemic of these diseases in schools and preschools in Zhumadian City. Methods The data were derived from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System and the Public Health Emergency Management Information System, and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiology method. Results From 2005 to 2014, there were 13458 cases of respiratory tract infectious diseases in students and preschool children, accounting for 15.53% of the total respiratory tract infectious diseases of the city, and accounting for 62.00% of the total infectious diseases of the students and kindergarten children. There were 3 290 cases of B type of infectious diseases(24.40%), 6 907 cases of C type of infectious diseases(51.22%), and 3 288 cases of other infectious diseases(24.38%). The main diseases were mumps and varicella(37.14% and 24.38%, respectively). The average increasing rate was 13.16%. There were 36 outbreak cases, including mumps(7 cases, 19.44%) and varicella(21 cases and58.33%). In the winter and spring, there were 22 outbreak cases of multiple(61.11%). There were 26 outbreak cases(72.22%)in the primary schools. The cumulative incidence number was 1 035, and the cumulative spread number was 33502. Most of these events were controlled within one week(83.33%). Conclusion The incidence of respiratory tract infectious diseases is rising in the schools and preschools in Zhumadian City. Therefore, the authorities should strengthen the prevention and control measures, especially for C type of respiratory tract infectious diseases and varicella.