现代世界观中的意识及其哲学难题

Consciousness in the Modern World View and Its Philosophical Hard Problem

人是具身心智的存在者,其存在方式独特性在于:他既依赖于物理形态的身体,又有存在论上不可还原性的主观性。因此如何在现代世界观中一致且完备地解释和理解人遂成了心智哲学的大问题。如果坚持现代世界观的基本立场一致性,那么对意识的解释和理解不可避免存在着"难问题"所界定的不完备性。人们大致从三个进路来处理不完备性的局面。然而,原则上它们都无法实现一致且完备的要求,因为这里存在一个根本的局限,即不可能通过认识论的方法在两种存在论形式(无和有)之间实现等价转换。尽管在认识论上这是一个悲观的结局,但另一方面它又是积极的,因为它显示了个体经验在存在论上是独一无二的。

Human beings are embodied beings whose ontological characteristics are that they depend on the physical bodies, and at the same time their subjectivity are ontologically irreducible. Therefore, how to coherently and completely explain and understand human beings becomes a big problem in the philosophy of mind. If we adhere to the coherency of the basic positions of modern world view, there would have been the completeness in the explanation and understanding of consciousness in the sense of the "hard problem". Roughly, there are three approaches to the situation of the completeness. However, because of a fundamental limitation, i.e. it is impossible to there be epistemologically an equivalent transformation between the two kinds of ontological forms (being and non-being), all the three approaches fail to realize the desire of both coherency and completeness in principle. The result is epistemologically pessimistic, but on the other hand, it is positive, because it indicates that individual experiences are unique.