戏谑的述者——论沈从文《灯》的嵌套叙事

The Jocose Narrator——On the Embedded Narrative in Shen Congwen's Novel Lamp

沈从文小说《灯》采用了嵌套叙事的叙述技巧,但两层叙事之间并非简单的拼贴,而是蕴含了颠覆与解构的话语张力。除了在时空中自由穿梭的主体物象"灯"以外,小说还借助自然的人称转换将两层叙事巧妙结合,使得老兵和叙述者的形象都十分鲜明。当"叙述"本身也成为了被讲述的对象,有关小说"真实"与"虚构"关系的探讨便再度浮现,在述者戏谑的叙事背后,隐匿着小说文体学意义上的另一重"真实"。

Shen Congwen used the technique of embedded narrative in his novella—Lamp.The double narrative layers are not simple collages but contain the discourse tension of subversion and deconstruction.In addition to the lamp that is free to shuttle in time and space,the novella also combines the two narrative layers with the help of the natural perspective conversion,making the images of the veteran and the narrator both clear.When the'narrative'itself has become the objective which is being told,the discussion over the relationship between'reality'and'fiction'in novels reappears.Behind the narrative of the jocose narrator,there is another kind of'truth'in the sense of stylistics.