论人民陪审员制度改革对全面贯彻证据裁判的影响

Impacts of the People Assessor System Reform on the Reform of Criminal Evidence System

人民陪审员参审职权改革以区分事实认定问题与法律适用问题为基础,而证据能力规制作为一个"混合问题",原则上属于职业法官的专属职权,但人民陪审员对于特定证据能力问题仍有权参与判定。人民陪审员参审案件机制改革没有明确事实认定问题上的平等票决机制,不当地给予审判长进行事实归纳的权力,不合理地对事实认定附加了过度的科层控制,这些做法有碍证据裁判与证明力自由评价的平衡,应予以调整。人民陪审员参审案件机制改革不加区分地给予人民陪审员提前阅卷和在庭审中直接发问的权利,这有碍贯彻无罪推定、疑罪从无,也应当予以调整。

The distinction between a legal issue and a factual issue is a keyword in the reform of the people assessor system. As a mixed issue, professional judges have the right to examine the admissibility of evidence in principle,but in two special cases, people assessors should have right to take part in the examination. To ensure the freedom of assessing the weight of evidence, we should settle disputes about fact finding by voting equality, limit the discretionary power of the presiding judge to summarize the facts, and reduce the bureaucratic control of collegiate bench. To implement the presumption of innocence and in dubio pro reo, we should properly adjust the people assessors' right of reading criminal files and the right of examining witnesses.