扩大中等收入者比重:顶层设计与政策保障

Enlarging the Proportion of Middle-Income Earners:Top-Level Design and Policy Guarantee

扩大中等收入群体是一个重要的理论和实践问题,关系全面建成小康社会目标的实现,但目前的理论研究缺乏顶层设计,对现实路径的描述也不够清晰。制约我国中等收入群体扩大的主要是就业结构、人力资源素质、工资决定机制,以及一些基础制度障碍。从总量上看,提高中等收入者收入水平,关键是提高劳动生产率,在此基础上实现收入与劳动生产率同步提高。从结构上看,扩大中等收入者比重,关键是通过完善政策,使高技能劳动者群体、专业技术人才群体、中小创业者群体等向中等收入阶层流动。为此,要实施更加积极的就业政策、持续加大人力资本投入、健全工资水平决定机制、完善市场对要素贡献的评价、努力促进农民增收、健全多层次社会保障体系。

To expand the middle-income group is an important theoretical and practical problem, which is related to the realization of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. However, there has been lack of a top-level design and a clear practical route. The main restrictions of enlarging the proportion of middle-income earners in China are the employment structure, human resources quality, wage decision mechanism and some basic institutional obstacles. On the whole, to improve labor productivity the key to increasing the income level of middle income earners, on the basis of which is a synchronized improvement of uplifting the income and labor productivity. Structurally,the key to enlarging the proportion of middle-income earners is to perfecting related policies that would allow highly skilled workers, professionals and technical personnel, small and medium-sized entrepreneurs to flow into the middle-income pool. Therefore, we need to apply more active employment policies, continue to increase human capital investment, improve the wage decision mechanism, perfect the market evaluation of factor contribution, increase the famers' income and improve a multi-level social security system.