公私合作制下城市公用事业价格规制的目标体系、关键问题与政策设计

The Target System, Key Problems and Policy Design for the Public-Private Partnerships of Urban Public Utilities

城市公用事业的自然垄断性特征与公私合作制的效率导向,决定了其价格规制政策既需要促进社会分配效率,维护社会公众福利水平,也应激励企业优化生产要素组合,提升生产效率,最终保障城市公用产品稳定供给。但在实践中,现有的价格规制政策存在多方目标难以兼顾,规制价格制定依据企业个别成本,公用产品的价格与收费混淆等关键问题。为破解上述关键问题,需要构建内含企业成本、预期收益和产品质量的价格规制模型,建立区域内经营者比较竞争机制,明确规制价格的成本边界,建立规制价格调整准备金制度,最终实现公私合作制下价格规制目标体系的有效均衡。

The natural monopoly nature of urban public utilities and efficiency-driven public private partnerships determine that the price regulation policy not only needs to promote social allocation efficiency and maintain the social public welfare level, but also to motivate enterprises to optimize the production factors and improve production efficiency, in the aim of ensuring the stable supply of urban public products. In reality, however, the current price regulatory policy system is difficult to fulfill multiple goals; the regulating price is based on the individual cost rather than the social average cost; and the price of public goods is confused with charges. To solve these problems, we need to build a price regulation model which includes enterprise cost, expected income and product quality, to establish a competition environment for businesses, to clarify the cost and to build a reserve system for the price regulation,which will eventually achieve an efficient equilibrium for the system of price regulatory policy.