论航天员及其法律属性

On the Astronauts and Their Legal Property

航天员,又称宇航员,最初是指在星际间航行的人。载人航天初期,航天员均是战斗机飞行员,承担驾驶和操纵航天器的职能。随着航天事业的深入发展,工程师、科学家等被选拔为航天员,以任务专家身份上天执行任务。于是,航天员概念发生了扩张,突破了原始的控制航行的驾驶员范畴。然而,航天员概念不论如何发展,都离不开它作为职业名称的本质属性。近年来出现的以付费方式换取太空飞行体验的游客因不符合这一特征而不能称作航天员。对航天员科学的界定应该是以太空飞行为职业或经选派进入太空执行任务的人。航天员作为人类派往外层空间的使者,具有国际法地位的独特性、航天员职业的特殊性和航天员权利的特殊性。

Astronaut,also known.as an Cosmonaut,originally referred to people in interstellar voyage,driving and maneuvering spacecraft functions.With the development of the aerospace industry,engineers and scientists,they were selected as astronauts,mission specialist status in heaven tasks.Thus,the concept of astronaut expansion took place,breaking the original pilot areas to control navigation.However,no matter how concept development,astronauts are inseparable as the essential attribute of occupational names.The visitors to pay in return for space flight experience in recent years,because they do not comply with this feature can not be called astronauts.Astronaut should be space flight as a career or send into space through the implementation of the task.Astronaut in outer space as a messenger,has a unique status in international law,a special particularity career and special particularity rights.