摘要
罗马法上的'错误'与'不知'既联系又有区别,随着合意契约的兴起,产生了对阻碍契约成立的'实质性的错误'进行分类的需要。在盖尤斯、尤里安、彭波尼前期研究的基础上,乌尔比安以D.18,1,9pr.为中心,以'合意不能'为前提,提出了价金错误和标的物错误两种基本错误类型,前者派生出数量错误,后者派生出质性错误,通过'其他事宜',这一兜底条款又纳入了行为性质的错误和当事人的错误。这些错误与名称错误、身份错误和品质错误等次要错误适用不同的法律后果,这使得罗马法错误制度充满了层次感和体系感,最终形成了一个逻辑自洽并富有关感的错误理论体系。
Error and ignorance have similarities and differences.With the emergence of consistit obligatio,it became necessary to category errors in essence,which hinder the estabhshment of contract.Based on the works of Gaius,lulianus and Pomponius,centering on D.18,1,9pr.,error in corpora and pretio formed two basic categories of mistake as a result of the lack of agreements.They formed error in quantitate and substantia,and a save clause’other situations’contained error in negotia and persona.These categories of mistake differed from errors in nomine,status and qualitate in legal consequences,which made mistake in Roman law full of sense of level and system and finally formed a theoretic system of mistake with coherence of logic and appearance of beauty.
基金
中国法学会2014年度部级法学研究课题“遗嘱错误制度研究”(项目批准号:CLS(2014.)D027)的阶段性成果
