明清法律的人治主义精神——以《资治新书·判语部》为视角

以李渔《资治新书·判语部》为研究中心,通过分析此书收录的明清判词能够揭示明清法律的人治主义精神。明清法律维护道德纲常伦理,其在价值评判体系中的地位低于道德,由司法官不依法裁判、判词所见否定性道德评价和'反坐'规定执行不严格均可看出这一点。明清法律是统治阶级用于政治统治的工具,地方司法官审判权受到限制和当时存在严密的司法监督体系即为其证。报应主义的刑罚观和矜疑恤刑的司法理念也反映着明清法律的人治精神。

According to Li Yu’s New Book of Reference for Governance?the Part about Court Verdict,analysis the court sentences from this book to research the spirit of the rule by man in the law of Ming and Qing Dynasties.The law in Ming and Qing Dynasties maintains the moral and its status in the value evaluation system is inferior than the moral’s.This can be proved by the phenomenon such as:the judges do not decide cases according to the law:the negative moral evaluation in the verdicts:the provision of fanzuo(sentence the accuser to the punishment facing the person he falsely accused)was poor implementation.The law in Ming and Qing Dynasties is a ruling tool of domination virtually,this can be demonstrated from the following:the jurisdiction of local officials was strictly limited:the judicial supervision was too tight.The function of criminal penalty focus on the retributivism,and the theory named jinyixuxing,these two also reflected the spirit of the rule by man in the law.