中美贸易争端及世贸组织

U.S.-China Trade Disputes and the WorldTrade Organization

当前中美贸易摩擦的根源主要在于钢铁行业、中国欠完全的市场经济转型及目前的非市场经济地位问题。本文就中美在上述问题中的政治经济敏感性进行了分析。尽管处于挑战性的政治气候之中,中美双方仍需要通过积极的谈判解决这些问题。然而,美国最大的关切是,尽管过去十五年中国在市场经济发展方面取得了巨大的进步,但即使认可中国的市场经济地位,其仍然与透明的市场经济相距甚远。不过,中美之间在非市场经济地位问题上进行沟通是必需的,以使两国最终能够达成一个可持续的长期解决方案。然而从长远来看,规则和市场交易系统方面所面临的更大问题仍然存在。

A major source of current friction between the United States and China is the steel industry,China’s incomplete transformation to a market economy,and the issue of China nonmarket economy(NME)status.This paper provides an analysis of the political-economic sensitivities of China and the United States over these issues.Despite the challenging political climate,a negotiated solution to these issues is needed.Yet the separate an overriding U.S.concern is that,even if it were to grant China market economy status,China is still far from a transparent,market-oriented economy,despite a tremendous transformation over the last fifteen years.Nevertheless,U.S.-China engagement over the NME issue is needed so that the two eventually reach a sustainable,long-run solution.Over the longer-term,the larger questions facing the rules-and market-based trading system remain.