陆地棉种质材料遗传多样性研究

Study on Genetic Diversity about Germplasm of the Upland Cotton

【目的】从供试的陆地棉品种中筛选出产量性状和品质性状遗传率较高且综合性状表现优良的种质,为常规棉和杂交棉的育种提供一些优良材料。【方法】对47个陆地棉品种主要产量性状和品质性状进行分析,采用变异系数、多样性指数和聚类的方法研究这些品种的多样性情况。【结果】供试品种产量性状的变异范围较广,而品质性状的变异范围小。各品种中多样性指数最高的是单铃重,最小的是反射率。聚类分析发现,第Ⅰ类品种棉纤维品质较好,棉籽较大,百粒棉籽上纤维较重;第Ⅱ类多为低产低质品种;第Ⅲ类群平均产量较高;第Ⅳ类高产品种多。【结论】陆地棉种质材料具有多样性,应根据实际的育种目标,合理选配组合,以便育出高产、优质的新品种。

【Objective】The project aims to screen out some upland cotton varieties that have higher heritability on yield and quality traits and comprehensive traits that are excellent from the test upland cotton varieties to provide some excellent materials for conventional cotton and hybrid cotton breeding. 【Method】Main yield traits and quality traits of 47 upland cotton were analyzed,and the coefficient of variation,diversity index and clustering methods were used to study the diversity of these varieties.【Result】In the upland cotton varieties,the range of variation of the yield traits was wide while the quality trait was narrow. Among the diversity indexes,boll weight was the highest in each species; on the contrary,reflectance was the lowest. From the cluster analysis,type I variety's quality of cotton fiber was better; The poor one was type II; groups Ⅲ had higher average yield; And there were many high- yield varieties in variety IV.【Conclusion】The germplasm material of upland cotton is diverse. High- yield and high- quality varieties should be bred according to the actual breeding objectives and reasonable matching combination of different species must be taken into consideration.