不同贮藏方式下新疆5个杏品种花粉活力比较

Pollen Viability Comparison of 5 Apricot Cultivars in Xinjiang in Different Storage Conditions

【目的】通过对不同贮藏条件下5个杏品种花粉活力的测定,比较杏品种花粉活力,探索杏品种花粉长期保存的最佳贮藏条件。【方法】用培养基法测定,伊力克大杏、克孜佳娜丽、大白油杏、大果杏和卡巴克玉吕克5个杏品种花粉在室温干燥(20℃)、室温黑暗干燥(20℃)、低温黑暗干燥(4℃)和低温黑暗冷冻干燥(-20℃)贮藏条件下花粉活力的变化。【结果】杏品种、贮藏时间、贮藏条件对杏花粉的活力影响极显著;大白油杏花粉活力最高,贮藏前期花粉萌芽率高达40%,大果杏花粉活力最低,贮藏前期花粉萌芽率仅为15%左右;花粉活力随贮藏时间逐渐下降;低温黑暗干燥(4℃)储藏与低温黑暗冷冻干燥(-20℃)贮藏条件下相比花粉活力差异不显著,在储藏期间花粉萌芽率没有较大变化,贮藏90 d后仍有高达20%的萌芽率,室温干燥(20℃)下贮藏效果最差,贮藏90 d后萌芽率接近为0。【结论】不同杏品种花粉活力有差异;与常温干燥(20℃)、常温黑暗干燥(20℃)两种贮藏方式相比,低温黑暗干燥(4℃)、低温黑暗冷冻干燥贮藏(-20℃)方式能相对长期、有效的保持杏树花粉的活力;4种贮藏方式均不适宜杏花粉的大量长期贮藏。

【Objective】Pollen viability of 5 apricot cultivars were compared in the different storage conditions and pollen optimal storage conditions for apricots were probed. 【Method】Culture medium assays were used for determination of pollen viability of 5 apricot cultivars including 'Yilikedaxing','Kezijianali','Dabayouxing','Daguoxing' and 'Kabakeyulvke' in dry storage condition with room temperature( 20 ℃),dark- drying storage condition with 20℃,dark- drying storage condition with 4℃ and dark- drying storage contidiont with- 20℃.【Result】The results showed that apricot pollen viability was affected by cultivars of apricot,storage time,storage conditions. Pollen viability in 'Dabayouxing' was the highest with 40% at the early storage stage and 'Daguoxing' pollen viability was the minimum. Early storage pollen germination rate was only about 15%; Pollen viability were gradually decreased with the prolongation of storage time; Pollen viability stored in dark-drying condition with 4℃ was not significantly different from that stored in dark- drying condition with-20℃,and the pollen germination rate didn't show big change. The highest pollen germination rate was close to 20% after 90 days storage,pollen viability stored in drying with room temperature( 20℃) was the worst,and the worst pollen germination rate was close to zero after 90 days storage. 【Conclusion】Our researches showed that: storage conditions in dark- drying condition with 4℃ and in dark- drying condition with- 20℃ might be more beneficial for long- term storage for the apricot pollen viability than that in drying condition with room temperature( 20℃) and in dark- drying condition with room temperature( 20℃).