村庄异质性与差异化乡村振兴需求

Village Heterogeneity and Differentiated Needs of Rural Revitalization

我国幅员辽阔、地理与文化环境多样,村庄在差异化的地理环境和博大精深的文化基础上慢慢形成,各个村庄之间由于独特的地理环境和文化特征而显示出明显的异质性特征。在实施乡村振兴战略时,很难笼统地、不加区分地分析村庄振兴与发展的适应性策略。基于此,文本首先根据各类村庄在乡村振兴过程中的有利依托将我国现存的村庄大致划分为ABCD四类,并明确各类村庄未来发展可能的方向;然后详细阐述了B、C两类村庄在发展振兴过程中对精英人物、城乡要素流动、一二三产业融合发展方面的需求及可能存在的不同;乡村振兴战略具体实施时,研究者与制度设计者应在深刻理解村庄异质性特征的基础上分类制定差异化的乡村振兴策略;乡村振兴应立足乡村自有的能够为城市系统提供支持与补充的资源要素,充分发挥优势、挖掘潜力并提升价值;乡村振兴必须在区域资源禀赋的基础上因地制宜布局,保障我们既有"大粮仓""小菜篮",又有"后花园"。

China has a vast territory,diverse geographical and cultural environment. Villages are gradually formed on the basis of differentiated geographical environment and profound culture. Since the unique geographical environment and cultural identities of each village,there are obvious heterogeneous characteristics. Therefore,when implementing the rural revitalization strategy,it is difficult to analyze the adaptive strategy in general and indiscriminately. Firstly,according to the distinct advantages in the process of village developing,this paper divides the existing villages in our country into ABCD four categories roughly and identifies possible directions for future development of each category. Then,it elaborates the needs and possible differences in the process of development between B and C villages in elite figures,the mobility of urban and rural factors,convergence development of primary,secondary and tertiary industries. Finally,when discussing the specific implementation methods of rural revitalization,researchers and system designers should formulate differentiated strategies on the basis of deep understanding of village heterogeneity. Rural revitalization should be based on the resources of the rural system that can provide support and supplement to the urban system,and give full play to its advantages,tap its potential and enhance its value. This paper provides enlightenment that rural revitalization must be based on the regional resources endowment and local conditions to ensure we have 'big barn','small basket',and'back garden'.