新时代农村养老服务体系面临的突出问题、主要矛盾与战略路径

Major Problems and Predicaments in Rural Elderly Care Service in the New Era and Possible Solutions

进入21世纪以来,我国农村人口老龄化进程逐渐加速且程度不断加深,呈现出老龄化速度快于城镇、家庭日趋小型化和空巢化、区域间老龄化差异明显加大等鲜明特征。文本首先梳理了十八大以来加强农村养老服务顶层设计的新进展,分别从配套养老政策、养老服务网络及设施、养老模式探索及养老保障水平四个方面概括所取得的主要成效;其次,剖析了新时代农村养老服务发展面临的突出问题,主要表现为社会化养老起步晚、养老投入欠账多、老年人健康状况不佳、家庭养老功能弱化等;再次,在明确问题的基础上梳理了新时代农村养老服务体系建设存在的主要矛盾;最后,着眼于未来改革思路,前瞻性提出加快农村养老服务体系建设的战略路径,旨在加快推进农村养老服务体系的配套化、系统化与整合化进程。

Since the beginning of the 21 st century,the process of aging of the rural population in China has gradually accelerated and the degree has been deepening,showing that the aging rate is faster than that of cities and towns,that households are becoming smaller and more empty,and that the aging between regions is significantly increased.This paper first sorts out the new progress in strengthening the top-level design of rural elderly care service since the 18 th National Congress,and summarizes the main achievements from four aspects,that is,pension policy,pension service network and facilities,pension model exploration and pension security level.Secondly,it analyzes the major problems,including the late start of socialized pension,the lack of oldage pensions,the poor health of the elderly,and the weakening of the family pension function.Then,based on these problems,it sorts out the main contradictions faced by the rural elderly care service system in the new era.Finally,it proposes the strategic path of accelerating the construction of the rural elderly care service system in a forward-looking manner,aiming at accelerating the process of building the rural elderly care service system.