社会转型初期农村老年人家庭户结构变动分析

Changes of the Household Structure of the Rural Elderly in the Early Stage of Social Transformation

文本依据1990年及其后的三次人口普查数据从年龄结构、婚姻状况、生活费用来源及健康状况等角度分析社会转型过程中农村老年人居住的家庭户结构及其阶段特征。研究发现,农村老年人与已婚子女所组成的三代及以上直系家庭比例明显降低,夫妇健在时与已婚子女分爨所形成的夫妇"空巢"家庭则显著提高,丧偶后单独生活增多,表明老年父母与已婚子女同居养老的做法逐渐弱化。当然,社会转型初期,农村老年人单独生活和与已婚子女同爨为并存的两类主要居家养老方式。老年人丧偶后,甚至生活不能自理后单独生活比例较高,这种状况值得老年人子女、乡村公共组织予以关注,以便有效降低其生存风险。

Based on the census data since 1990,this paper analyzes the changes of household structure of the rural elderly from the perspectives of age structure,marital status,source of living expenses and health status.The study finds that the proportion of the lineal household with three or more generations is significantly reduced,the number of old couples living in 'empty nest household' has increased considerably,and the proportion of single-person(after losing spouse) household has increased.It shows that the convention of rural elderly parents living with their married children is gradually weakening.Of course,in the early period of social transformation,rural elderly living alone is as common as living with married children coexist.But the proportion of elderly people living alone,after losing their spouses and even losing the ability to take care of themselves,is relatively high.This situation deserves the attention of their adult children and of rural public organizations.They should cooperate to reduce the risks of these rural elderly people.