国家监察体制改革若干问题探析

An Analysis of Problems in the Reform of the National Supervision System

《中华人民共和国监察法》是我国第一部反腐败国家立法,也是一部体现党和国家自我监督的基本法律;在我国宪法之下的法律体系中,监察法处于源头性、引领性的重要地位。腐败是公职人员在职务活动中滥用职权、以权谋私等违规违法和犯罪行为,对这种行为的惩治预防是反腐败的执法监督的政治权力。反腐败斗争的政治性,决定了监察机关作为'政治机关'的性质定位,这与'国家监察机关'的职能定位并不矛盾。人大是国家监察的权力来源,国家监察对人大负责并接受人大监督,国家监察对人大机关公职人员进行监察,维护人大机关权力依法规范运转。监察调查虽然与刑事侦查具有相似性,但监察调查权整体统一于监察职能,必须严格依照监察法开展监察调查,并实现监察程序与刑事诉讼程序的有机衔接。监察法没有规定留置阶段律师介入,体现的是公职人员权利克减理念,这也是监察程序区别于刑事程序的重要体现。

The law of supervision is theflrst national anti-corruption legislation in China,and it is also a basic law reflecting the self-supervision of the Party and the state.In the legal system under the Constitution of China,the law of supervision plays an important role.Corruption is a kind of illegal and criminal acts through which public offlcials abuse their power and seek personal gains.Punishment and prevention of such acts are the political power of law enforcement and supervision against corruption.The political nature of the anti-corruption struggle determines the nature of the supervisory organ as a'political organ',which is not in contradiction with the function of the'national supervisory organ'.The National People’s Congress is the source of the power of the state supervision.The state supervision is responsible for the National People’s Congress and accepts the supervision of the National People’s Congress.The state supervision supervises the public offlcials of the National People’s Congress,and safeguards the normal operation of the power of the National People’s Congress organs according to law.Although supervisory investigation is similar to criminal investigation,the power of supervisory investigation is unifled in the supervisory function as a whole.It must be carried out strictly in accordance with the supervisory law and must realize the organic connection between supervisory procedure and criminal procedure.The supervision law does not stipulate the lawyer’s intervention in the detention stage,which embodies the concept of derogation of public offlcials’rights,and which is also an important reflection of the difference between the supervision procedure and the criminal procedure.