乙状结肠直肠动脉直肠部的形态观测

Morphologic study of the rectal part of sigmoid-rectal arteries

目的 观察乙状结肠直肠动脉在上段直肠的分支分布特点。方法 随机选取成人尸体 2 0具 ,婴幼儿尸体 15具 ,行巨微解剖观察。结果 上段直肠主要由直肠上动脉的分支乙状结肠直肠动脉供血 ;动脉在器官外根据走行可分为降支型、吻合弓型及并列型 ;动脉在器官表面分支多呈环绕型和“鸦爪”型 ,前者主要分布于上段直肠 (壶腹以上 ) ,后者主要分布于直肠壶腹的上半 ;在直肠上段前壁中线部位 ,存在“无血管吻合区”。结论 吻合弓型乙状结肠直肠动脉优于其它两型 ;上段直肠前壁中线表面部位可能存在“相对供血贫乏区”。

Objective To observe the characters of the branches of the sigmoid-rectal arteries. Methods To select 20 corpses of adults and 15 corpses of children randomly and dissect them under the operative microscope. Results The blood supply of the up-half rectum was mainly supplied by the sigmoid-rectal arteries which were the branches of super rectal artery. The artery can be divided into the pattern of descending, the pattern of anastomosing arch and the pattern of apposing. The surfacial branches of the artery appeared to be “ringlike” pattern and “crow paw” pattern, the former were mainly distributed on the up-half rectum in a horizontal ringlike form, while the latter were mainly distributed on the up-half of the rectal ampulla. There are “no-anastomosis region of blood vessels” in the forward wall of up-half rectum. Conclusion The pattern of anastomose arch is superior to the other two patterns. There maybe a “relative short blood supply region” in the midline of the forward wall of up-half rectum.